用户与服务管理笔记

2016-10-03 23:49:02 Albin Wong 1566

linux用户与服务管理笔记

用户与用户组管理
/etc/passwd  用户信息文件  用户分类： root超级用户  普通用户 伪用户
/etc/shadow  密码文件  影子文件
/etc/group   组文件

相关命令
`# useradd -g huluwa shuiwa  修改初始组 `
`# tail /etc/passwd `
`# useradd -G huluwa  huowa  将用户添加到huluwa组成为附加组员 `
`# tail /etc/passwd `
`# tail /etc/group `

`# useradd  -c "erwa"  qianliyan 添加注释 `
`# tail /etc/passwd `

`# useradd  -d  /home/huli   yaojing   修改家目录名 `
`# tail -2 /etc/passwd `

`# useradd  -s  /bin/nologin  shunfenger  禁止登录 `
`# tail -3 /etc/passwd `

`# passwd  用户名   修改密码/赋予密码 `

`# userdel -r  yaojing    删除用户与家目录 `

`# groupadd  xiyouji  添加组 `
`# groupadd  gansidui `
`# tail /etc/group `

`# groupdel  gansidui 删除组 `
`# tail /etc/group `

`# gpasswd -a  shuiwa  xiyouji   添加用户shuiwa到xiyouji组 `
`# gpasswd -a  qianliyan  xiyouji `
`# tail /etc/group `

`# gpasswd  -d  qianliyan xiyouji   删除用户qianliyan从xiyouji组  `
`# tail /etc/group `

`# id  用户名  查看用户相关ID信息 `

`# su - 用户名  切换用户 `
`# su - root `
`# su - shuiwa `

ACL 权限    [  rwx-    (属主u  属组g)     文件/目录  ]  
```shell 
# getfacl  index.php  查看文件ACL权限
# setfacl  -m  u:huluwa:rwx  index.php  对用户设置ACL权限
# ls -l  
``` 
``` shell
# getfacl index.php
# setfacl -m  g:xiyouji:rwx  index.php   对组设置ACL权限
``` 
 ```shell 
# getfacl index.php
# `setfacl -x  u:huluwa  index.php`  删除用户ACL权限
# setfacl -b  index.php   完全删除文件ACL权限
```

对目录设置ACL权限
 ```shell 
# setfacl -m  u:huluwa:rwx  -R  htdocs   对目录递归设置ACL权限
# cd htdocs
# ls -l
```
 ```shell 
# setfacl -m  d:u:huluwa:rwx  -R  htdocs  对目录设置默认ACL权限
# cd htdocs 
# touch bcd.html
# getfacl bcd.html
 ```

输出重定向 
   `> 覆盖    >> 追加`

`# ls  >  root.log `
`# ls -l >> root.log `

进程与服务管理

1)查看系统健康状况
`# ps aux  `
tty   本地终端  tty1   Alt+(F1-F6)F7     网络终端  pts/1
`# pstree   查看进程树 `
`# top  查看系统负载登录用户等运行情况  M 内存排序  P CPU排序 q 退出 `

2)管理进程 kill   killall   pkill 
```shell
# ps aux 
# kill -9  13223 (PID) 
# ps aux 
```
```shell
# pstree 
# killall -9  httpd  
# pstree 
```
```shell
# w 
# pkill -9  -t  pts/0  
# w 
```

服务管理
分类：系统默认安装的二进制包服务
      源码包安装的服务 
`# chkconfig --list   查看系统服务与相关运行级别 `

### 运行级别
```shell
# init 0  关机 
# init 1  单用户模式 
# init 3  多用户字符模式 
# init 5  桌面模式X11 
# init 6  重启系统  
```

`# runlevel  `

`# vim /etc/inittab  `

服务管理模式：  start   stop   restart    status

开机自启动
`# chkconfig --list `
`# chkconfig --level  245 sshd  on | off    命令管理 `

`# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local `
```shell
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd start    文件管理方法
```
`# ntsysv  图形管理 `

源码包服务管理
手动管理
`# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start | stop | restart `

开机自启动
`# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local`
```shell
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
```

(3) Comments

John Doe- Reply

February 26, 2013 at 1:18 pm
- saqib sarwar- Reply
  
  February 26, 2013 at 1:20 pm
  
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John Doe- Reply

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用户与服务管理笔记

(3) Comments

John Doe- Reply

saqib sarwar- Reply

John Doe- Reply

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